Hydrogen peroxide

Absorption

It is reported that hydrogen peroxide is decomposed before absorption in the intestine. Solutions of hydrogen peroxide displays poor penetration when applied to tissue .

Toxicity

Oral LD50 in mouse is 2000 mg/kg, and dermal LD50 is 4060 mg/kg in rat and 2000 mg/kg pig. LC50 of hydrogen peroxide vapours in rat is 2000 mg/m at 4 hours .
Oral ingestion of high dose hydrogen peroxide may cause chest and stomach pain, loss of consciousness, motor disorders, microhemorrhages and moderate leucocytosis in humans. Inhalation of highly concentrated vapours causes extreme irritation of nose and throat .
Hydrogen peroxide has no known carcinogenic potential. It was shown to be mutagenic to bacteria (Salmonella typhimurium) and the fungi, Neurospora crassa and Aspergillis chevallieri, and induced DNA damage in Escheria coli . It also caused sister chromatid exchanges and chromosomal aberrations in mammalian cells in vitro .

Description

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a strong oxidizing agent that is used extensively in industry and medicine. It is usually available as aqueous solutions in concentrations of 3, 30 or 90 percent by weight. The 3 percent solution is used as a topical antiseptic and cleansing agent, and as a constituent in mouthwashes, dentifrices and sanitary lotions; the 30 percent as an effective bleaching agent and for other industrial uses; and the 90 percent as a vigorous oxidizer of rocket fuels. The anhydrous form is a colorless, bittertasting liquid with an ozone-like odor. In the absence of stabilizing agents (e.g., phosphates, tin), hydrogen peroxide solutions are unstable and decompose upon standing, agitation, exposure to light, or heating. Hydrogen peroxide reacts vigorously with many oxidizing as well as reducing agents. Concentrated solutions are highly caustic to the skin. In addition to its effectiveness as a bleach, hydrogen peroxide has proved to be a useful antimicrobial agent. This latter property has been utilized in some countries as a preservative of milk and whey.

Description

Hydrogen peroxide, found in medicine cabinets around the world, is a powerful oxidizing agent. On human skin, an enzyme unlocks the oxidizing potential allowing it to kill germs. Concentrated hydrogen peroxide is used as a reactant in glow sticks, color safe bleach, and even rocket fuels.

Description

Hydrogen peroxide is the simplest peroxide and is considered a strong oxidizer. It exists as a colorless liquid and is miscible with H2O in all proportions. For laboratory purposes 30% Hydrogen peroxide (in H2O) is most common.

The Uses of Hydrogen peroxide

hydrogen peroxide is a bleaching and oxidizing agent, detergent, and antiseptic. It is generally recognized as a safe preservative, germ killer, and skin bleacher in cosmetics. If used undiluted, it can cause burns of the skin and mucous membranes.

The Uses of Hydrogen peroxide

A mixture of the SM (1.7 g, 3.3 mmol), AcOH (15 mL), Na2WO4 (209 mg, 0.60 mmol), H2O2 (50%, 2.3 mL, 6.6 mmol) was stirred at RT overnight. The solvent was removed in vacuo and ice/H2O was added to the residue. The mixture was extracted with DCM. The combined organics were dried, concentrated, and purified by silica gel chromatography to provide the product. [1.65 g, 90%]

Indications

Indicated to be used as a disinfectant and sterilizer.

Background

Hydrogen peroxide is the simplest peroxide with a chemical formula H2O2. Hydrogen peroxide is an unstable compound in the presence of a base or catalyst, and is typically stored with a stabilizer in a weakly acidic solution. If heated to its boiling point, it may undergo potentially explosive thermal decomposition. Hydrogen peroxide is formed in the body of mammals during reduction of oxygen either directly in a two-electron transfer reaction . As a natural product of metabolism, it readily undergoes decomposition by catalase in normal cells .
Due to its potent and broad-spectrum antimicrobial actions, hydrogen peroxide is used in both liquid and gas form for preservative, disinfection and sterilization applications as an oxidative biocide . It is used in industrial and cosmetic applications as a bleaching agent. Hydrogen peroxide is also considered as a generally recognized as safe compound by the FDA ; it is used as an antimicrobial agent in starch and cheese products, and as an oxidizing and reducing agent in products containing dried eggs, dried egg whites, and dried egg yolks.

What are the applications of Application

Hydrogen Peroxide is a widely employed oxidizing reagent, disinfectant, antiseptic, propellant, and in synthetic chemistry, epoxidizing agent.

Pharmacokinetics

Hydrogen peroxide exhibits antimicrobial properties against most forms of microorganisms, including dormant forms with known high resistance profiles, such as bacterial spores and protozoal cysts. It acts as an oxidative biocide to generate free radical species to induce DNA, protein and membrane lipid damage via oxidation.

Metabolism

Hydrogen peroxide is reduced by glutathione peroxidase, which is an endogenous enzyme in human tissue. It is rapidly decomposed to oxygen and water when in contact with catalase, an enzyme found in blood and most tissues .