Nitrobenzene SDS

Acute toxicity - Category 3, Oral

Acute toxicity - Category 3, Dermal

Acute toxicity - Category 3, Inhalation

Carcinogenicity, Category 2

Specific target organ toxicity – repeated exposure, Category 1

Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term (Chronic) - Category Chronic 3

Reproductive toxicity, Category 1B

H301 Toxic if swallowed

H311 Toxic in contact with skin

H331 Toxic if inhaled

H351 Suspected of causing cancer

H372 Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure

H412 Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects

P264 Wash ... thoroughly after handling.

P270 Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.

P280 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection/hearing protection/...

P261 Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.

P271 Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.

P203 Obtain, read and follow all safety instructions before use.

P260 Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.

P273 Avoid release to the environment.

P301+P316 IF SWALLOWED: Get emergency medical help immediately.

P321 Specific treatment (see ... on this label).

P330 Rinse mouth.

P302+P352 IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of water/...

P316 Get emergency medical help immediately.

P361+P364 Take off immediately all contaminated clothing and wash it before reuse.

P304+P340 IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing.

P318 IF exposed or concerned, get medical advice.

P319 Get medical help if you feel unwell.

P405 Store locked up.

P403+P233 Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed.

P501 Dispose of contents/container to an appropriate treatment and disposal facility in accordance with applicable laws and regulations, and product characteristics at time of disposal.

no data available

Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give a slurry of activated charcoal in water to drink. Rest. Refer for medical attention .

Can cause death due to respiratory failure. Classified as extremely toxic. The mean lethal oral dose is probably between 1 and 5 grams. Systemic effects may be delayed for a few hours. This compound is rapidly absorbed through the skin. It is a powerful methemoglobin former. Ethyl alcohol aggravates intoxication caused by nitrobenzene exposure. (EPA, 1998)

In rare cases of accidental poisoning by nitrobenzene treatment applied incl 3 exchange transfusions, 5 hyperbaric oxygen therapy sessions, which resulted in cure on 24th day.

Water, foam, carbon dioxide, or dry chemical

Moderate explosion hazard when exposed to heat or flame. Reacts violently with nitric acid, aluminum trichloride plus phenol, aniline plus glycerine, silver perchlorate and nitrogen tetroxide. Avoid aluminum trichloride; aniline; gycerol; sulfuric acid; oxidants; phosphorus pentachloride; potassium; potassium hydroxide. Avoid sunlight, physical damage to container, freezing, and intense heat. (EPA, 1998)

Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry powder, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

NO open flames. Above 88°C use a closed system and ventilation. Handling in a well ventilated place. Wear suitable protective clothing. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Use non-sparking tools. Prevent fire caused by electrostatic discharge steam.

Separated from combustible substances, reducing agents, strong oxidants, strong acids and food and feedstuffs. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated, dark location. Separate from acids, bases, oxidizing materials, and metals.

TLV: 1 ppm as TWA; (skin); A3 (confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans).MAK: 0.51 mg/m3, 0.1 ppm; peak limitation category: II(4); skin absorption (H); carcinogen category: 4; pregnancy risk group: C.EU-OEL: 1 mg/m3, 0.2 ppm as TWA; (skin)

no data available

Ensure adequate ventilation. Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Set up emergency exits and the risk-elimination area.

Wear safety goggles.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

no data available

On combustion, forms toxic and corrosive fumes including nitrogen oxides. Reacts violently with strong oxidants and reducing agents. This generates fire and explosion hazard. Reacts violently with strong acids and nitrogen oxides. This generates explosion hazard.

no data available

Fire hazard is/ moderate when exposed to heat, flame, or oxidizers.Aluminum chloride added to NITROBENZENE containing about 5% phenol caused a violent explosion [Chem. Eng. News 31:4915. 1953]. Heating a mixture of nitrobenzene, flake sodium hydroxide and a little water led to an explosion, discussed in [Bretherick's 5th ed. 1995]. Mixed with oxidants, i.e. dinitrogen tetraoxide, fluorodinitromethane, nitric acid, peroxodisulfuric acid, sodium chlorate, tetranitromethane, uranium perchlorate, etc., forms highly sensitive explosive, [Bretherick 5th ed, 1995]. Heated mixtures of nitrobenzene and tin(IV) chloride produce exothermic decomposition with gas production [Bretherick, 5th Ed., 1995].

no data available

Explosive reaction with solid or concentrated alkalai + heat (eg, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide), aluminum chloride + phenol (at 120 deg C), aniline + glycerol + sulfuric acid, nitric + sulfuric acid + heat.

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /nitrogen oxides/.

no data available

no data available

no data available

no data available

NTP: Reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen

No information is available on the reproductive or developmental effects of nitrobenzene in humans. Developmental effects, such as birth defects or embryotoxic effects, have not been reported in animal studies with inhalation exposure to nitrobenzene. However, reproductive effects, including a decrease in fertility, reduced testicular weights, and decreased sperm production have been noted in inhalation and oral animal studies.

The substance may cause effects on the blood. This may result in the formation of methaemoglobin. Exposure could cause lowering of consciousness. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

The substance may have effects on the blood, spleen and liver. This substance is possibly carcinogenic to humans. Animal tests show that this substance possibly causes toxicity to human reproduction or development.

A harmful contamination of the air will be reached rather slowly on evaporation of this substance at 20°C; on spraying or dispersing, however, much faster.

Nitrobenzene was degraded by activated sludge in municipal wastewater at concn of 400-600 g/cu m. activated sludge adapted to degradation of high pyridine concn is also able to decompose nitrobenzene.

The BCF of nitrobenzene in golden orfe (Leuciscus idus melanotus) was <10 in a 3 day static test(1). In a 28 day flow through test using fathead minnows, the BCF was 15(2). Another investigator obtained a BCF of 6 in fish (Poecilia reticulata)(3) and the bioconcentration test of the Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry report a BCF of <10(4). A BCF of 3.31 was also reported in unspecified fish(5). No biomagnification of nitrobenzene was observed in an aquatic ecosystem containing algae, daphnia magna, mosquito larvae, snails, and mosquito fish(6). BCF values of 3.1-4.8 and 1.6-7.7 were measured in carp (Cyprinus carpio) at concentrations of 0.125 and 0.0125 mg/L nitrobenzene, respectively, in a 6 week flow through test(7). In a 3 day static test using guppies, a BCF value of 2.4 was measured(8). Nitrobenzene had an uptake efficiency (defined as the ratio of the flux of chemical into the fish to the flux of chemical into the gill compartment) of 0.26 in rainbow trout(9). Nitrobenzene had a lipid based BCF of 28.32 in carp(10). A BCF of 1.47 was determined for goldfish (Carassius auratus)(11). In green algae (Chlorella fusca), a BCF of 24 was obtained(1). According to a classification scheme(12), these BCFs suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The leachability of nitrobenzene was studied in three typical Norwegian soils, one which was sandy with a low organic content, and two organic soils(1). The resulting Koc and retardation factor for the sandy soil were 30.6 and 1.27, while for the two organic soils the Koc values were 42.8 and 69.6 and the retardation factors 3.36 and 5.52(1). Koc values for two Danish subsoils were 170 and 370(2). When a mixture of pollutants, including nitrobenzene, in spring water was added to a column of Lincoln fine sand over a 45 day period, the retardation factor of nitrobenzene was 1.9(3). The Koc calculated from this experiment was 200(3). The sorption of nitrobenzene on two soils, a Captina silt loam (pH 4.97; 1.49% organic carbon) and a McLaurin sandy loam (pH 4.43; 0.66% organic carbon) was measured in the presence of a mixture of 16 organic chemicals; Koc values for nitrobenzene of 89 and 105.6 were measured for the Captina and McLaurin soils, respectively(4). Koc values of 89 and 100 were measured in river sediment (6.5-16.9% organic matter) and coal wastewater pond sediment (52% organic matter), respectively(5). Other reported Koc values for nitrobenzene were 158(6), 36(7), 156(8), 100(9), 62-74 to particulate organic matter and 34-38 to dissolved organic matter(10). According to a classification scheme(11), these measured Koc values suggest that nitrobenzene has very high to moderate mobility in soil(SRC).

no data available

The material can be disposed of by removal to a licensed chemical destruction plant or by controlled incineration with flue gas scrubbing. Do not contaminate water, foodstuffs, feed or seed by storage or disposal. Do not discharge to sewer systems.

Containers can be triply rinsed (or equivalent) and offered for recycling or reconditioning. Alternatively, the packaging can be punctured to make it unusable for other purposes and then be disposed of in a sanitary landfill. Controlled incineration with flue gas scrubbing is possible for combustible packaging materials.

ADR/RID: UN1662 (For reference only, please check.)

IMDG: UN1662 (For reference only, please check.)

IATA: UN1662 (For reference only, please check.)

ADR/RID: NITROBENZENE (For reference only, please check.)

IMDG: NITROBENZENE (For reference only, please check.)

IATA: NITROBENZENE (For reference only, please check.)

ADR/RID: 6.1 (For reference only, please check.)

IMDG: 6.1 (For reference only, please check.)

IATA: 6.1 (For reference only, please check.)

ADR/RID: II (For reference only, please check.)

IMDG: II (For reference only, please check.)

IATA: II (For reference only, please check.)

ADR/RID: No

IMDG: No

IATA: No

no data available

no data available

Use of alcoholic beverages enhances the harmful effect.Depending on the degree of exposure, periodic medical examination is suggested.Specific treatment is necessary in case of poisoning with this substance; the appropriate means with instructions must be available.Do NOT take working clothes home.