Maleic anhydride SDS
SECTION 1: Identification of the substance/mixture and of the company/undertaking
Product identifier
- Product name： Maleic anhydride
- CAS： 108-31-6
Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against
- Relevant identified uses： For R&D use only. Not for medicinal, household or other use.
- Uses advised against： none
Company Identification
- Company：Chemicalbook.in
- Address：5 vasavi Layout Basaveswara Nilayam Pragathi Nagar Hyderabad, India -500090
- Telephone：+91 9550333722
SECTION 2: Hazards identification
Classification of the substance or mixture
Acute toxicity - Category 4, Oral
Skin corrosion, Sub-category 1B
Serious eye damage, Category 1
Skin sensitization, Sub-category 1A
Respiratory sensitization, Category 1
Specific target organ toxicity – repeated exposure, Category 1
GHS label elements, including precautionary statements
-
Pictogram(s)
- Signal word Danger
H302 Harmful if swallowed
H314 Causes severe skin burns and eye damage
H317 May cause an allergic skin reaction
H334 May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled
H372 Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure
P264 Wash ... thoroughly after handling.
P270 Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.
P260 Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P280 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection/hearing protection/...
P261 Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P272 Contaminated work clothing should not be allowed out of the workplace.
P284 [In case of inadequate ventilation] wear respiratory protection.
P301+P317 IF SWALLOWED: Get medical help.
P330 Rinse mouth.
P301+P330+P331 IF SWALLOWED: Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting.
P363 Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.
P304+P340 IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing.
P316 Get emergency medical help immediately.
P321 Specific treatment (see ... on this label).
P305+P351+P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
P305+P354+P338 IF IN EYES: Immediately rinse with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
P317 Get medical help.
P302+P352 IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of water/...
P333+P317 If skin irritation or rash occurs: Get medical help.
P362+P364 Take off contaminated clothing and wash it before reuse.
P342+P316 If experiencing respiratory symptoms: Get emergency medical help immediately.
P319 Get medical help if you feel unwell.
P405 Store locked up.
P501 Dispose of contents/container to an appropriate treatment and disposal facility in accordance with applicable laws and regulations, and product characteristics at time of disposal.
Other hazards which do not result in classification
no data available
SECTION 3: Composition/information on ingredients
Substance
- Chemical name: Maleic anhydride
- Common names and synonyms: Maleic anhydride
- CAS number: 108-31-6
- EC number: 203-571-6
- Concentration: 100%
SECTION 4: First aid measures
Description of necessary first-aid measures
Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Refer for medical attention.
First rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, then remove contaminated clothes and rinse again.
First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.
Rinse mouth. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention .
Most important symptoms/effects, acute and delayed
Inhalation causes coughing, sneezing, throat irritation. Skin contact causes irritation and redness. Vapors cause severe eye irritation; photophobia and double vision may occur. (USCG, 1999)
Indication of immediate medical attention and special treatment needed, if necessary
Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. Organic acids and related compounds
SECTION 5: Firefighting measures
Suitable extinguishing media
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Specific hazards arising from the chemical
Behavior in Fire: When heated above 300°F in the presence of various materials may generate heat and carbon dioxide. Will explode if confined. (USCG, 1999)
Special protective actions for fire-fighters
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide. NO powder.
SECTION 6: Accidental release measures
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Personal protection: face shield, thermal gloves, chemical protection suit and particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. See Notes. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers.
Environmental precautions
Personal protection: face shield, thermal gloves, chemical protection suit and particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. See Notes. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers.
Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up
Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust. Sweep up and shovel. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.
SECTION 7: Handling and storage
Precautions for safe handling
NO open flames. Closed system, dust explosion-proof electrical equipment and lighting. Prevent deposition of dust. Handling in a well ventilated place. Wear suitable protective clothing. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Use non-sparking tools. Prevent fire caused by electrostatic discharge steam.
Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities
Dry. Separated from strong oxidants, strong bases and food and feedstuffs.Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Moisture sensitive. Storage class (TRGS 510): Non-combustible, corrosive hazardous materials
SECTION 8: Exposure controls/personal protection
Control parameters
MAK: 0.081 mg/m3, 0.02 ppm; peak limitation category: I(1); sensitization of respiratory tract and skin (SAH); pregnancy risk group: C
no data available
Appropriate engineering controls
Ensure adequate ventilation. Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Set up emergency exits and the risk-elimination area.
Individual protection measures, such as personal protective equipment (PPE)
Wear safety goggles or eye protection in combination with breathing protection if powder.
See Notes. Protective clothing.
Use local exhaust or breathing protection.
no data available
SECTION 9: Physical and chemical properties and safety characteristics
-
Physical state：
Solid. Needles or lumps or pellets.
-
Colour：
Colorless or white.
-
Odour：
Pungent odor
-
Melting point/freezing point：
51.2 - 53.1 °C.
-
Boiling point or initial boiling point and boiling range：
Ca. 185 °C. Atm. press.:101 kPa.
-
Flammability：
Combustible Solid, but may be difficult to ignite.
-
Lower and upper explosion limit/flammability limit：
Flammable limits: 1.4% by volume (Lower) 7.1% by volume (Upper)
-
Flash point：
103 °C.
-
Auto-ignition temperature：
477 °C.
-
Decomposition temperature：
no data available
-
pH：
2.42.;2.62.;3.
-
Kinematic viscosity：
dynamic viscosity (in mPa s) = 0.61. Temperature:60.0°C.;dynamic viscosity (in mPa s) = 1.07. Temperature:90.0°C.;dynamic viscosity (in mPa s) = 0.6. Temperature:150.0°C.
-
Solubility：
Soluble; decomposes in hot solvent (NTP, 1992)
-
Partition coefficient n-octanol/water：
log Pow = -2.36. Temperature:19.8 °C.;log Pow = -2.78. Temperature:19.8 °C.;log Pow = -2.68. Temperature:19.8 °C.
-
Vapour pressure：
15.1 Pa. Temperature:22 °C.;37.7 Pa. Temperature:30 °C.;108 Pa. Temperature:40 °C.
-
Density and/or relative density：
1.48 g/cm3. Temperature:20 °C.;1.3 g/cm3. Temperature:60 °C.;3.38.
-
Relative vapour density：
3.4 (vs air)
-
Particle characteristics：
no data available
SECTION 10: Stability and reactivity
Reactivity
The solution in water is a medium strong acid. Reacts with strong bases and strong oxidants.
Chemical stability
Stable under normal laboratory storage conditions.
Possibility of hazardous reactions
Great care must be taken with the molten and vapor as material in this state is flammable. The material is a combustible solid.MALEIC ANHYDRIDE react vigorously on contact with oxidizing materials. Reacts exothermically with water or steam. Undergoes violent exothermic decomposition reactions, producing carbon dioxide, in the presence of strong bases (sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide), alkali metals (lithium, sodium, potassium), aliphatic amines (dimethylamine, trimethylamine), aromatic amines (pyridine, quinoline) at temperatures above 150° C [Vogler, C. A. et al., J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1963, 8, p. 620]. A 0.1% solution of pyridine (or other tertiary amine) in maleic anhydride at 185°C gives an exothermic decomposition with rapid evolution of gas [Chem Eng. News 42(8); 41 1964]. Maleic anhydride is known as an excellent dienophile in the Diels-Alder reaction to produce phthalate ester derivatives. These reactions can be extremely violent, as in the case of 1-methylsilacyclopentadiene [J. Organomet., Chem., 1979, 179, c19]. Maleic anhydride undergoes a potentially explosive exothermic Diels-Alder reaction with 1-methylsilacyclopenta-2,4-diene at 150C [Barton, T. J., J. Organomet. Chem., 1979, 179, C19], and is considered an excellent dieneophile for Diels-Alder reactions [Felthouse, Timothy R. et al. "Maleic Anhydride, Maleic Acid, and Fumaric Acid." Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005].
Conditions to avoid
no data available
Incompatible materials
Incompatible with alkali metals, caustics, and amines at greater than 150 deg F.
Hazardous decomposition products
Maleic anhydride decomposes exothermically, evolving carbon dioxide in the presence of dimethylamine, triethylamine, pyridine, or quinoline at temperatures above 150 deg C.
SECTION 11: Toxicological information
Acute toxicity
- Oral: LD50 - rat (male/female) - 1 090 mg/kg bw.
- Inhalation: no data available
- Dermal: LD50 - rabbit (female) - 2 620 mg/kg bw.
Skin corrosion/irritation
no data available
Serious eye damage/irritation
no data available
Respiratory or skin sensitization
no data available
Germ cell mutagenicity
no data available
Carcinogenicity
A4; Not classifiable as a human carcinogen.
Reproductive toxicity
No information is available on the reproductive or developmental effects of maleic anhydride in humans. No teratogenic or fetotoxic effects were observed in the offspring of rats exposed via gavage or diet.
STOT-single exposure
The substance is severely irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Inhalation may cause asthma-like reactions.
STOT-repeated exposure
Repeated or prolonged contact may cause skin sensitization. Repeated or prolonged inhalation may cause asthma.
Aspiration hazard
A harmful contamination of the air can be reached rather quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20°C.
SECTION 12: Ecological information
Toxicity
- Toxicity to fish: LC50 - Oncorhynchus mykiss (previous name: Salmo gairdneri) - 75 mg/L - 96 h.
- Toxicity to daphnia and other aquatic invertebrates: EC50 - Daphnia magna - 330 mg/L - 48 h.
- Toxicity to algae: EC50 - Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (previous names: Raphidocelis subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum) - > 150 mg/L - 72 h.
- Toxicity to microorganisms: EC10 - Pseudomonas putida - 44.6 mg/L - 18 h.
Persistence and degradability
AEROBIC: Maleic anhydride, present at 100 mg/L, reached 54.8% of its theoretical BOD in 2 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L and the Japanese MITI test(1). Using OECD Guideline 301B (Ready Biodegradability: CO2 Evolution Test), maleic anhydride was found to be readily biodegradable with CO2 evolution rates of 61.6% after 4 days and 93.2% after 11 days(2); it was noted that maleic anhydride hydrolyzes under the test conditions and, as a result, maleic acid is believed to be the test material investigated in the study(2). Another OECD Guideline 301B test determined >90% CO2 evolution within 25 days(2). Using OECD Guideline 301E (Ready Biodegradability: Modified OECD Screening Test) and a non-adapted activated sludge inoculum, maleic anhydride was found to be readily biodegradable with a 73-81% removal after 28 days(2). The TOC and COD-Mn of maleic anhydride, present at 170 mg/L in industrial wastewater, was reduced by 98% and 99%, respectively, after 1 day of acclimation with an activated sludge inocculum from a waste water treatment plant(3). In one report 99% removal was achieved in 4 hr by activated sludge(4). Others report 40-60% theoretical BOD in 5 days with sewage inoculum(5,6). The data suggest that maleic anhydride is expected to biodegrade rapidly(SRC); however, maleic anhydride hydrolyzes rapidly in water forming maleic acid with hydrolysis half-lives of 3.32 and 0.37 minutes at 0 and 25.1 deg C, respectively(7). Therefore, the available biodegradation rates are expected to correspond primarily to maleic acid(SRC).
Bioaccumulative potential
An estimated BCF of 5 was calculated in fish for maleic anhydride(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 1.62(1) and a regression-derived equation(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). In addition, maleic anhydride hydrolyzes rapidly in water forming maleic acid with hydrolysis half-lives of 3.32 and 0.37 minutes at 0 and 25.1 deg C respectively(3). Bioconcentration of maleic anhydride in aquatic organisms is unlikely due its rapid hydrolysis(SRC).
Mobility in soil
Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of maleic anhydride can be estimated to be 1(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that maleic anhydride is expected to have very high mobility in soil. However, maleic anhydride hydrolyzes rapidly in water forming maleic acid with hydrolysis half-lives of 3.32 and 0.37 minutes at 0 and 25.1 deg C respectively(3). Therefore, potential leaching in soil is expected to be dominated by degradation to maleic acid(SRC).
Other adverse effects
no data available
SECTION 13: Disposal considerations
Disposal methods
The material can be disposed of by removal to a licensed chemical destruction plant or by controlled incineration with flue gas scrubbing. Do not contaminate water, foodstuffs, feed or seed by storage or disposal. Do not discharge to sewer systems.
Containers can be triply rinsed (or equivalent) and offered for recycling or reconditioning. Alternatively, the packaging can be punctured to make it unusable for other purposes and then be disposed of in a sanitary landfill. Controlled incineration with flue gas scrubbing is possible for combustible packaging materials.
SECTION 14: Transport information
UN Number
ADR/RID: UN2215 (For reference only, please check.)
IMDG: UN2215 (For reference only, please check.)
IATA: UN2215 (For reference only, please check.)
UN Proper Shipping Name
ADR/RID: MALEIC ANHYDRIDE (For reference only, please check.)
IMDG: MALEIC ANHYDRIDE (For reference only, please check.)
IATA: MALEIC ANHYDRIDE (For reference only, please check.)
Transport hazard class(es)
ADR/RID: 8 (For reference only, please check.)
IMDG: 8 (For reference only, please check.)
IATA: 8 (For reference only, please check.)
Packing group, if applicable
ADR/RID: III (For reference only, please check.)
IMDG: III (For reference only, please check.)
IATA: III (For reference only, please check.)
Environmental hazards
ADR/RID: No
IMDG: No
IATA: No
Special precautions for user
no data available
Transport in bulk according to IMO instruments
no data available
SECTION 15: Regulatory information
Safety, health and environmental regulations specific for the product in question
SECTION 16: Other information
Abbreviations and acronyms
- CAS: Chemical Abstracts Service
- ADR: European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road
- RID: Regulation concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Rail
- IMDG: International Maritime Dangerous Goods
- IATA: International Air Transportation Association
- TWA: Time Weighted Average
- STEL: Short term exposure limit
- LC50: Lethal Concentration 50%
- LD50: Lethal Dose 50%
- EC50: Effective Concentration 50%
References
- IPCS - The International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSC), website: http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.home
- HSDB - Hazardous Substances Data Bank, website: https://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/newtoxnet/hsdb.htm
- IARC - International Agency for Research on Cancer, website: http://www.iarc.fr/
- eChemPortal - The Global Portal to Information on Chemical Substances by OECD, website: http://www.echemportal.org/echemportal/index?pageID=0&request_locale=en
- CAMEO Chemicals, website: http://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/search/simple
- ChemIDplus, website: http://chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/chemidlite.jsp
- ERG - Emergency Response Guidebook by U.S. Department of Transportation, website: http://www.phmsa.dot.gov/hazmat/library/erg
- Germany GESTIS-database on hazard substance, website: http://www.dguv.de/ifa/gestis/gestis-stoffdatenbank/index-2.jsp
- ECHA - European Chemicals Agency, website: https://echa.europa.eu/
Other Information
Reacts violently with fire extinguishing agents such as powder.Depending on the degree of exposure, periodic medical examination is suggested.The symptoms of asthma often do not become manifest until a few hours have passed and they are aggravated by physical effort. Rest and medical observation are therefore essential.Anyone who has shown symptoms of asthma due to this substance should avoid all further contact with this substance.Maleic anhydride is transported also as hot liquid (70°C); contact of the skin should be avoided.The odour warning when the exposure limit value is exceeded is insufficient.