Acute toxicity - Category 2, Oral
Acute toxicity - Category 2, Dermal
Acute toxicity - Category 1, Inhalation
Carcinogenicity, Category 1B
Reproductive toxicity, Category 2
H300 Fatal if swallowed
H310 Fatal in contact with skin
H330 Fatal if inhaled
H350 May cause cancer
H361 Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child
P264 Wash ... thoroughly after handling.
P270 Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.
P262 Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing.
P280 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection/hearing protection/...
P260 Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P271 Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.
P284 [In case of inadequate ventilation] wear respiratory protection.
P203 Obtain, read and follow all safety instructions before use.
P301+P316 IF SWALLOWED: Get emergency medical help immediately.
P321 Specific treatment (see ... on this label).
P330 Rinse mouth.
P302+P352 IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of water/...
P316 Get emergency medical help immediately.
P361+P364 Take off immediately all contaminated clothing and wash it before reuse.
P304+P340 IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing.
P320 Specific treatment is urgent (see ... on this label).
P318 IF exposed or concerned, get medical advice.
P405 Store locked up.
P403+P233 Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed.
P501 Dispose of contents/container to an appropriate treatment and disposal facility in accordance with applicable laws and regulations, and product characteristics at time of disposal.
no data available
Move the victim into fresh air. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. If not breathing, give artificial respiration and consult a doctor immediately. Do not use mouth to mouth resuscitation if the victim ingested or inhaled the chemical.
Take off contaminated clothing immediately. Wash off with soap and plenty of water. Consult a doctor.
Rinse with pure water for at least 15 minutes. Consult a doctor.
Rinse mouth with water. Do not induce vomiting. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Call a doctor or Poison Control Center immediately.
SYMPTOMS: Exposure to this compound will cause bone marrow depression. Other symptoms include neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, edema, neurotoxicity and vesiculation of the skin. It may also cause immunosuppression and, on rare occasions, pulmonary toxicity resulting in interstitial pneumonitis and lung fibrosis. It is a strong irritant to the eyes and mucous membranes. Other symptoms include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hemorrhage into the gastrointestinal tract, temporary alopecia and ulceration of the mouth and mucous membranes. It may also cause amenorrhea, fetal harm in pregnant women, myelosuppression, hypersensitivity, gastrointestinal toxicity, infertility, skin rash, vasculitis, bleeding, fever, persistent cough, weight loss and anemia. Other symptoms reported include infection, hyperuricemia, uric acid nephropathy and stomatitis. It may also cause hypocalcemia, respiratory damage, granulocytopenia, anorexia and bone marrow hypoplasia. Other symptoms include corneal damage, cytotoxic effects, inhibition of cell division, lymph node damage, impairment of spermatogenesis, headache and delayed death. ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: This compound is extremely irritating to tissues. It is an eye and mucous membrane irritant. It is absorbed through the skin and respiratory tract in sufficient amounts to produce systemic intoxication. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of chloride ion and NOx. (NTP, 1992)
Incomplete, variable, 25-89% post oral dose
Fires involving this material may be controlled using a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)
Flash point data are not available for this chemical; however it is probably combustible. (NTP, 1992)
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing mist, gas or vapours.Avoid contacting with skin and eye. Use personal protective equipment.Wear chemical impermeable gloves. Ensure adequate ventilation.Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas.Keep people away from and upwind of spill/leak.
Prevent further spillage or leakage if it is safe to do so. Do not let the chemical enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided.
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": A high efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes or animal rooms ... Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially. Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal ... The plastic bag should be sealed immediately ... The sealed bag should be labelled properly ... Waste liquids ... should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal. The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled. Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface ... is not contaminated ... The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled. ... Broken glassware ... should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators. Chemical Carcinogens
Handling in a well ventilated place. Wear suitable protective clothing. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Use non-sparking tools. Prevent fire caused by electrostatic discharge steam.
Tablets should be stored in well closed, light resistant, glass containers at temp less than 40 deg C, preferably between 15-30 deg C.
no data available
no data available
Ensure adequate ventilation. Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Set up emergency exits and the risk-elimination area.
Wear tightly fitting safety goggles with side-shields conforming to EN 166(EU) or NIOSH (US).
Wear fire/flame resistant and impervious clothing. Handle with gloves. Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Wash and dry hands. The selected protective gloves have to satisfy the specifications of EU Directive 89/686/EEC and the standard EN 374 derived from it.
If the exposure limits are exceeded, irritation or other symptoms are experienced, use a full-face respirator.
no data available
PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: White to buff-colored powder. Odorless or with a faint odor. An antineoplastic medicine.
WHITE POWDER
ODORLESS
177°C
473.1°C at 760 mmHg
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no data available
239.9°C
no data available
no data available
no data available
no data available
less than 1 mg/mL at 72° F (NTP, 1992)
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1.32 g/cm3
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Sensitive to light, heat & moisture
MELPHALAN is a nitrogen mustard. May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen may be generated in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides.
no data available
no data available
When heated to decomp it emits ... fumes of hydrogen chloride and nitrogen oxides.
no data available
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Classification of carcinogenicity: 1) evidence in humans: sufficient; 2) evidence in animals: limited. Overall summary evaluation of carcinogenic risk to humans is Group 1: The agent is carcinogenic to humans. From table
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An estimated BCF value of 0.24 was calculated for melphalan(SRC), using an experimental log Kow of -0.52(1) and a recommended regression-derived equation(2). According to a recommended classification scheme(3), this BCF value suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms will not be an important fate process(SRC).
Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for melphalan can be estimated to be about 355(SRC). According to a recommended classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that melphalan should have medium mobility in soil(SRC).
no data available
The material can be disposed of by removal to a licensed chemical destruction plant or by controlled incineration with flue gas scrubbing. Do not contaminate water, foodstuffs, feed or seed by storage or disposal. Do not discharge to sewer systems.
Containers can be triply rinsed (or equivalent) and offered for recycling or reconditioning. Alternatively, the packaging can be punctured to make it unusable for other purposes and then be disposed of in a sanitary landfill. Controlled incineration with flue gas scrubbing is possible for combustible packaging materials.
ADR/RID: UN2811 (For reference only, please check.)
IMDG: UN2811 (For reference only, please check.)
IATA: UN2811 (For reference only, please check.)
ADR/RID: TOXIC SOLID, ORGANIC, N.O.S. (For reference only, please check.)
IMDG: TOXIC SOLID, ORGANIC, N.O.S. (For reference only, please check.)
IATA: TOXIC SOLID, ORGANIC, N.O.S. (For reference only, please check.)
ADR/RID: 6.1 (For reference only, please check.)
IMDG: 6.1 (For reference only, please check.)
IATA: 6.1 (For reference only, please check.)
ADR/RID: I (For reference only, please check.)
IMDG: I (For reference only, please check.)
IATA: I (For reference only, please check.)
ADR/RID: No
IMDG: No
IATA: No
no data available
no data available