Trilostane

Toxicity

Symptoms of overdose include darkening of skin, drowsiness or tiredness, loss of appetite, mental depression, skin rash, and/or vomiting.

Description

3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) type 1 and type 2 isoforms are key enzymes for the biosynthesis of all active steroid hormones. 3β-HSD1 (type I) is expressed in placenta and peripheral tissues including breast tumors, whereas 3β-HSD2 (type 2) is expressed in the adrenal gland, ovary, and testis. Trilostane is an inhibitor of the 3β-HSDs: 3β-HSD1 and 3β-HSD2 with K_i values of 0.10 and 1.60 μM, respectively. Trilsotane has been approved for use in the treatment of Cushing’s syndrome in dogs to reduce cortisol, aldosterone, and corticosterone levels. Because human 3β-HSD (type 1) is a critical enzyme in the conversion of DHEA to estradiol in breast tumors, trilostane is also of interest for the treatment of breast cancer in postmenopausal women.

Chemical properties

Tan Crystals

Originator

Modrenal,Sterling Winthrop,UK,1980

The Uses of Trilostane

An inhibitor of steroid biosynthesis. Used as an adrenocortical suppressant. Used in the treatment of breast cancer.

The Uses of Trilostane

antifungal, inhibits mitosis in metaphase

The Uses of Trilostane

Trilostane has been used to evaluate its capability to regulate the sex-dependent differences in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses of astrocytes.

Indications

Used in the treatment of Cushing's syndrome. It is normally used in short-term treatment until permanent therapy is possible.

What are the applications of Application

Trilostane is A 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitor

Background

Trilostane is an inhibitor of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase used in the treatment of Cushing's syndrome. It was withdrawn from the United States market in April 1994.

Definition

ChEBI: Trilostane is an epoxy steroid that is 3,17beta-dihydroxy-5alpha-androst-2-ene-2-carbonitrile in which the oxygen of the epoxy group is joined to the 4alpha and 5 alpha positions. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, an abortifacient and an EC 1.1.1.210 [3beta(or 20alpha)-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase] inhibitor. It is a 3-hydroxy steroid, a 17beta-hydroxy steroid, an androstanoid, an epoxy steroid and a nitrile.

Manufacturing Process

(A)17β-acetoxy-4α,5α-epoxyandrostano[2,3-d]isoxazole, melting point 228.6°C to 229.8°C (corrected) recrystallized from a benzene-methanol mixture, [α]D25 = +76.5°C (1% in chloroform), was prepared by treating 17β- acetoxy-4-androsteno[2,3-d] isoxazole with maleic anhydride and hydrogen peroxide in methylene dichloride solution.
(B)2α-cyano-4α,5α-epoxandrostan-17β-ol-3-one was prepared by treating 17β-acetoxy-4α,5α-epoxyandrostano[2,3-d] isoxazole with sodium methoxide, and was obtained in the form of tan crystals, melting point 257.8°C to 270.0°C (decomposition) (corrected) when recrystallized from a pyridine_x0002_dioxane mixture.

brand name

Modrastane (Bioenvision).

Therapeutic Function

Corticosteroid antagonist

General Description

Trilostane inhibits the production of adrenal steroids, such as cortisol and aldosterone. It is used to treat aldosteronism.

Biochem/physiol Actions

Trilostane is an inhibitor of 3 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3-β-HSD or delta 5-delta 4-isomerase), an essential enzyme for the biosynthesis of all classes of hormonal steroids. It has been used in the treatment of Cushing′s syndrome for stopping the production of cortisol, and is currently approved for dogs in the US, but is still a human drug in the UK and other countries. It is being investigated as a possible treatment for both breast cancer and prostate cancer to prevent the synthesis of estrogens and androgens from endogenous precursors. It has also been used to inhibit endogenous production of progesterone in research studies.

Pharmacokinetics

Trilostane blocks an enzyme involved in the production of several steroids including cortisol. Inhibiting this enzyme inhibits the production of cortisol. In Cushing's syndrome, the adrenal gland overproduces steroids. Although steroids are important for various functions of the body, too much can cause problems. Trilostane reduces the amount of steroids produced by the adrenal gland. This product was withdrawn from the U.S. market in April 1994.

Veterinary Drugs and Treatments

Trilostane may be useful for treating pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism or adrenal dependent hyperadrenocorticism in dogs, feline pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism, and equine hyperadrenocorticism (HAC). It may also be useful in treating Pomeranians with Alopecia X and Alaskan malamutes with adultonset alopecia.

Metabolism

Hepatic.