ferric maltol

Absorption

Ferric maltol dissociates in the gastrointestinal tract, leading to a Tmax of 1.5-3.0 hours for iron concentrations. Mean serum iron increases by 14±6μmol/L in iron deficient patients following a single dose. a 60mg dose is approximately 14% bioavailable. 60 minutes after injection of radiolabelled ferric maltol, 11+2% of the dose is present in the bone marrow, 18±1% is present in the liver, and 2.6±1% is in the urine. Maltol has an AUC of 0.022-0.205h*μg/mL and maltol glucuronide has an AUC of 9.83-30.9h*μg/mL.

Toxicity

Data regarding overdoses of ferric maltol are not readily available, however toxicity is expected with acute ingestion of 20mg/kg and 200-250mg/kg is potentially fatal. Patients experiencing an overdose may present with nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, hypoperfusion, metabolic acidosis, and systemic toxicity. Overdoses should be treated with symptomatic and supportive measures which may include the use of desferroxamine. Hemodialysis will not remove iron but will remove the iron-desferroxamine complex.

Description

Ferric maltol is an orally active complex of a single iron ion (Fe³⁺).

The Uses of ferric maltol

Ferric maltol can be used in the study of iron deficiency anemia in inflammatory bowel disease.

Indications

Ferric maltol is indicated to treat iron deficiency in adults.

Background

Ferric maltol is an iron(III) atom complexed with 3 maltol molecules to increase the bioavailability compared to iron(II), without depositing it in the duodenum as insoluble ferric hydroxide and phosphate. Ferric maltol has been described in literature since at least the late 1980s as a potential treatment for iron deficiency.
Ferric maltol was granted FDA Approval on 25 July 2019.

Pharmacokinetics

Ferric maltol is used to provide supplemental iron to patients with an iron deficiency. It has a wide therapeutic index as patients generally take 30mg twice daily, while concentrations of 20mg/kg may produce toxicity. Patients should be counselled regarding the risk of inflammatory bowel disease flares, iron overload, and accidental ingestion in children.

Metabolism

In vitro, ferric maltol metabolism is predominantly glucuronidation of maltol by UGT1A6 and sulfation.