Ethyl 2-(Chlorosulfonyl)acetate

The Uses of Ethyl 2-(Chlorosulfonyl)acetate

Pharmaceutic aid (acidifying agent).

The Uses of Ethyl 2-(Chlorosulfonyl)acetate

Acetic Acid is an acid produced chemically from the conversion of alcohol to acetaldehyde to acetic acid. it is the principal component of vinegar which contains not less than 4 g of acetic acid in 100 cm3 at 20°c. the approved salts include sodium acetate, calcium acetate, sodium diacetate, and calcium diacetate. it is used as a preservative, acidulant, and flavoring agent in catsup, mayonnaise, and pickles. it can be used in conjunction with leavening agents to release carbon dioxide from sodium bicarbonate.

The Uses of Ethyl 2-(Chlorosulfonyl)acetate

Colorless liquid prepared by the distillation of wood or the oxidation of dilute ethyl alcohol. Acetic acid has a very pungent smell, and the vapors are flammable. When obtained in full strength (99 percent), it congeals as an ice-like solid at 16.7°C. For this reason the term glacial is also used to describe this acid. It is soluble in water, alcohol, ether, chloroform, and gelatin.
Acetic acid was used as a restrainer for the physical development of calotypes, Niépceotypes, and collodion plates. Photographers also used it to retard non-image reduction of these processes by adding it to the silver nitrate solution. Acetic acid is used as a stop bath and as a solvent for gelatin.

brand name

Vosol (Carter-Wallace).

Biotechnological Production

Acetic acid is produced for beverage, food, and feed applications almost entirely using the traditional vinegar process . First, ethanol is produced by fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the absence of oxygen. Then, acetic acid is generated from ethanol by acetic acid bacteria, such as Acetobacter aceti, Acetobacter pasteurianus, or Gluconacetobacter europaeus, under aerobic conditions. Different substrates, such as malt, fruits, and sugarcane, are used for vinegar production . Today, processes with two stages (e.g. two-tank cycle fermentation or two-stage submerged fermentation) are generally employed on an industrial scale. In a first step, biomass is produced in parallel to the acetic acid production. In the second part of the process, mainly acidification takes place. Acetic acid concentrations up to 200 g.L-1 can be achieved .
The vinegar process has been well studied over many decades . However, there are still attempts to enhance vinegar production, especially regarding productivity and cost minimization through alternative substrates, new process concepts (e.g. immobilized cells or mixed cultures of yeasts and acetic acid bacteria, and optimized acetic acid bacteria.
Acetic acid can be produced under anaerobic conditions by some microorganisms such as Clostridium thermoaceticum . In free-cell batch fermentations, acetate concentrations of 50 g.L-1 were reached in less than 192 h. Acetic acid concentrations of 83–100 g.L-1, a yield of 0.74–0.80 g acetic acid per gram glucose, and a productivity of 0.60–0.85 g.L-1.h-1 were observed under optimized conditions in a cell-recovered fed-batch process with pH-control using glucose as substrate.

Health Hazard

Recommended Personal Protective Equipment: Protective clothing should be worn when skin contact can occur. Respiratory protection is necessary when exposed to vapor. Complete eye protection is recommended; Symptoms Following Exposure: Breathing of vapors causes coughing, chest pains, and irritation of the nose and throat; may cause nausea and vomiting. Contact with skin and eyes causes burns; General Treatment for Exposure: INHALATION: Move the victim immediately to fresh air. If breathing becomes difficult, give oxygen and get medical attention immediately. INGESTION: If the victim is conscious, have him drink water or milk. Do not induce vomiting. SKIN OR EYE CONTACT: Flush immediately with lots of clean running water; wash eyes for at least 15 min. and get medical attention as quickly as possible; remove contaminated clothing; Toxicity by Inhalation (Threshold Limit Value): 10 ppm; Short-Term Exposure Limits: 40 ppm for 5 min.; Toxicity by Ingestion: LD₅₀ 0.5 to 5.0 g/kg (rat); Late Toxicity: No data; Vapor (Gas) Irritant Characteristics: Vapors cause moderate irritation such that workers will find high concentrations very unpleasant. Effects are temporary; Liquid or Solid Irritant Characteristics: This is a fairly severe skin irritant; may cause pain and secondary burns after a few minutes of contact; Odor Threshold: 1.0 ppm.

Chemical Reactivity

Reactivity with Water No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: Corrosive, particularly when diluted. Attacks most common metals including most stainless steels. Excellent solvent for many synthetic resins or rubber; Stability During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Dilute with water, rinse with sodium bicarbonate solution; Polymerization: Not pertinent; Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent.