BRONZE

The Uses of BRONZE

Bronze is one of the several components needed for the preparation of honing oilstone which is used in processing stainless steel; Also, it has great potential as photocatalyst or as anode material in Li-ion batteries.

Definition

Any of a group of copper-tin alloys usually containing 0.5–10% of tin. They are generally harder, stronger in compression, and more corrosion resistant than brass. Zinc is often added, as in gunmetal (2–4% zinc), to increase strength and corrosion-resistance; bronze coins often contain more zinc (2.5%) than tin (0.5%). The presence of lead improves its machining qualities.
Some copper-rich alloys containing no tin are also called bronzes. Aluminum bronzes, for example, with up to 10% aluminum, are strong, resistant to corrosion and wear, and can be worked cold or hot; silicon bronzes, with 1–5% silicon, have high corrosion-resistance; beryllium bronzes, with about 2% beryllium, are very hard and strong.

Definition

bronze: Any of a group of alloys ofcopper and tin, sometimes with leadand zinc present. The amount of tinvaries from 1% to 30%. The alloy ishard and easily cast and extensivelyused in bearings, valves, and othermachine parts. Various improvedbronzes are produced by addingother elements; for instance, phosphorbronzes contain up to 1% phosphorus.In addition certain alloys ofcopper and metals other than tin arecalled bronzes – aluminium bronze isa mixture of copper and aluminium.Other special bronzes include bellmetal, gun metal, and berylliumbronze.

Industrial uses

The term bronze is generally applied to anycopper alloy that has as the principal alloyingelement a metal other than zinc or nickel. Originallythe term was used to identify copper–tinalloys that had tin as the only, or principal,alloying element. Some brasses are calledbronzes because of their color, or because theycontain some tin. Most commercial copper–tinbronzes are now modified with zinc, lead, silver,or other elements.
Bronze is used in bearings, bushings, gears,valves, and other fittings both for water andsteam. Tin bronze, including statuary bronze,contains 2–20% tin; bell metal 15–25%; andspeculum metal up to 33%. Gun metal contains8–10% tin plus 2–4% zinc.
The properties of bronze depend on itscomposition and working. Phosphor bronze is tin bronze hardened and strengthened withtraces of phosphorus; it is used for fine tubing,wire springs, and machine parts. Lead bronzemay contain up to 30% lead; it is used for castparts such as low-pressure valves and fittings.Maganese bronze with 0.5 to 5% manganeseplus other metals, but often no tin, has highstrength. Aluminum bronze also contains no tin;its mechanical properties are superior to thoseof tin bronze, with up to 3% silicon, casts well,and can be worked hot or cold by rolling, forging,and similar methods. Beryllium bronze(also called beryllium copper) has about 2%beryllium and no tin. The alloy is hard andstrong and can be further hardened andstrengthened by precipitation hardening; it isone of the few copper alloys that responds toheat treatment, approaching three times thestrength of structural steel.