BETA-ENDOSULFAN

Chemical properties

Endosulfan is a chlorinated cyclodiene insecticide. The pure product is a colorless crystalline solid. The technical product is a light to dark brown waxy solid. It has a rotten egg or sulfur odor.

Physical properties

Colorless to brown, nonflammable solid or crystals with a mild odor similar to terpene or sulfur dioxide.

The Uses of BETA-ENDOSULFAN

Insecticide for vegetable crops.

The Uses of BETA-ENDOSULFAN

β-Endosulfan may be used as an analytical pesticide reference standard for the determination of the analyte in water samples, virgin olive oil, aged contaminated Ethiopian soils and human fluids by various chromatography techniques.

General Description

Brown crystals. Melting point 208-210°C. Used as an insecticide.

Air & Water Reactions

Insoluble in water. Reacts slowly with water to generate sulfur dioxide.

Reactivity Profile

BETA-ENDOSULFAN is a sulfite ester of a chlorinated cyclic diol. Decomposed rapidly by alkali to generate sulfur dioxide. Decomposed by acid. Incompatible with strong oxidizing and reducing agents. may be incompatible with many amines, nitrides, azo/diazo compounds, alkali metals, and epoxides.

Health Hazard

ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: Highly toxic by ingestion, inhalation, and skin absorption.

Fire Hazard

Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways.

Environmental Fate

Soil. Metabolites of endosulfan identified in soils included endosulfandiol, endosulfanhydroxy ether, endosulfan lactone and endosulfan sulfate (Martens, 1977; Dreher and Podratzki, 1988). These compounds, including endosulfan ether, were also reported as metabolites identified in aquatic systems (Day, 1991). In aerobic soils, b-endosulfan is converted to the corresponding alcohol and ether (Perscheid et al., 1973). Endosulfan sulfate was the major biodegradation product in soils under aerobic, anaerobic and flooded conditions (Martens, 1977). In flooded soils, endolactone was detected only once whereas endodiol and endohydroxy ether were identified in all soils under these conditions. Under anaerobic conditions, endodiol formed in low amounts in two soils (Martens, 1977). Indigenous microorganisms obtained from a sandy loam degraded b-endosulfan to endosulfan diol. This diol was converted to endosulfan a-hydroxy ether and trace amounts of endosulfan ether and both were degraded to endosulfan lactone (Miles and Moy, 1979).
Plant. In addition, endosulfan sulfate was formed when endosulfan was translocated from the leaves to roots in both bean and sugar beet plants (Beard and Ware, 1969). In tobacco leaves, b-endosulfan hydrolyzed into endosulfandiol (Chopra and Mahfouz, 1977). Stewart and Cairns (1974) reported the metabolite endosulfan sulfate was identified in potato peels and pulp at concentrations of 0.3 and 0.03 ppm, respectively. They also reported that the half-life for the oxidative conversion of b-endosulfan to endosulfan sulfate was 800 days.
In carnation plants, the half-lives of b-endosulfan stored under four different conditions, non-washed and exposed to open air, washed and exposed to open air, non-washed and placed in an enclosed container and under greenhouse conditions were 23.40, 12.64, 37.42 and 7.62 days, respectively (Ceron et al., 1995).
Surface Water. Endosulfan sulfate was also identified as a metabolite in a survey of 11 agricultural watersheds located in southern Ontario, Canada (Frank et al., 1982). When endosulfan (a- and b- isomers, 10 mg/L) was added to Little Miami River water, sealed and exposed to sunlight and UV light for 1 week, a degradation yield of 70% was observed. After two and four weeks, 95% and 100% of the applied amount degraded. The major degradation product was identified as endosulfan alcohol by IR spectrometry (Eichelberger and Lichtenberg, 1971).
Photolytic. Thin films of endosulfan on glass and irradiated by UV light (l >300 nm) produced endosulfan diol with minor amounts of endosulfan ether, lactone, a-hydroxyether and other unidentified compounds (Archer et al., 1972). Gaseous b-endosulfan subjected to UV light (l >300 nm) produced endosulfan ether, endosulfan diol, endosulfan sulfate, endosulfan lactone, a-endosulfan and a dechlorinated ether (Schumacher et al., 1974). Irradiation of b-endosulfan in n-hexane by UV light produced the photoisomer a-endosulfan (Putnam et al., 1975). When an aqueous solution containing endosulfan was photooxidized by UV light at 90–95°C, 25, 50 and 75% degraded to carbon dioxide after 5.0, 9.5 and 31.0 hours, respectively (Knoevenagel and Himmelreich, 1976).
Chemical/Physical. Endosulfan detected in Little Miami River, OH was readily hydrolyzed to a compound tentatively identified as endosulfan diol (Eichelberger and Lichtenberg, 1971). Sulfuric acid is also an end product of hydrolysis (Kollig, 1993). The hydrolysis half-lives at pH values (temperature) of 3.32 (87.0°C), 6.89 (68.0°C) and 8.69 (38.0°C) were calculated to be 2.7, 0.07 and 0.04 days, respectively (Ellington et al., 1988). Greve and Wit (1971) reported the hydrolysis half-lives of b-endosulfan at 20°C and pH values of 7 and 5.5 were 37 and 187 days, respectively.

Shipping

UN2761 Organochlorine pesticides, solid, toxic, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials. UN2811 Toxic solids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required.

Waste Disposal

A recommended method for disposal is burial 18 in deep in noncropland, away from water supplies, but bags can be burned. Large quantities should be incinerated at high temperature in a unit with effluent gas scrubbing. Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≥100 kg/ mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal. In accordance with 40CFR165, follow recommendations for the disposal of pesticides and pesticide containers. Must be disposed properly by following package label directions or by contacting your local or federal environmental control agency, or by contacting your regional EPA office.