alpha-Terpinene
Synonym(s):p-Mentha-1,3-diene;1-Isopropyl-4-methyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene;alpha-Terpinene
- CAS NO.:99-86-5
- Empirical Formula: C10H16
- Molecular Weight: 136.23
- MDL number: MFCD00001534
- EINECS: 202-795-1
- SAFETY DATA SHEET (SDS)
- Update Date: 2024-11-05 08:26:49
What is alpha-Terpinene?
Chemical properties
alpha-Terpinene is a clear colorless to light yellow liquid with a woody, terpene, lemon odor with a lemony flavor, becoming bitter at high levels. It dissolves in ethanol and most non-volatile oils but does not dissolve in water. It is found naturally in oils such as cardamom, sweet oregano, and coriander seed oil.
Occurrence
Reported found in roots, stems, leaves and flowers of Echinacea species. Also reported found in in tea tree oil, papaya fruit, grapefruit, lemon, lime, mandarin, oranage, spearmint, citrus peel oils, cranberry, currants, guava, grapes, raspberry, peach, carrot, celery, cinnamon, clove, cumin seed, ginger, peppermint and corn mint oils, other mentha oils, nutmeg, pepper, mace, parsley, thymus, rum, tea, filberts, pecans, soybeans, passion fruit, beans, sweet marjoram, starfruit, mango, cardamom, coriander seed, origanum, prickly pear, litchi, calamus, dill herb, lovage seed and leaf, juniper berries, laurel, fennel, rosemary, buchu oil, tur meric, sage, nectarines and many other sources.
The Uses of alpha-Terpinene
α-Terpinene is suitable for use in a study to evaluate the antimycotic properties of Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil (tea tree oil, TTO). 1 It is suitable for use to investigate the in vitro antibacterial activity of the essential oils extracted from the fruits of Coriandrum sativum L. and Foeniculum vulgare Miller var. vulgare (Miller).
The Uses of alpha-Terpinene
It can be used as a chemical fragrance essential oil and spices. It is used as a flavoring and fragrance chemical used in the personal care and cosmetic and food industries. Also used in the pharmaceutical, electronics, food processing, semi-conductor manufacturing industries.
What are the applications of Application
α-Terpinene is a terpene with demonstrated antimicrobial properties
Preparation
May be obtained by isolation from the terpene fraction of sweet orange oil or orange terpenes (8 to 10% of the total monoterpenes); by isolation from fractions of American turpentine oil; from 1-methyl-4-isopropylcyclohexadien-1,3-one-2; also from terpinene dihydrochloride with aniline.
Definition
ChEBI: Alpha-terpinene is one of three isomeric monoterpenes differing in the positions of their two double bonds (beta- and gamma-terpinene being the others). In alpha-terpinene the double bonds are at the 1- and 3-positions of the p-menthane skeleton. It has a role as a volatile oil component and a plant metabolite. It is a monoterpene and a cyclohexadiene.
Production Methods
alpha-Terpinene can be produced
1) by isolation from the Terpene fraction of
sweet Orange oil or "Orange terpenes".
The title material may constitute as much
as 8 to 10% of the total Monoterpenes.
2) by isolation from fractions of American
Turpentine oil.
3) from 1-Methyl-4-iso-propylcyclohexadien-1,3-one-2.
4) from Terpinene dihydrochloride with
Aniline.
Aroma threshold values
Aroma characteristics at 10%: citrusy, woody, terpy with camphoraceous and thymol notes; it has spicy and juicy citrus nuances.
Taste threshold values
Taste characteristics at 5 to 100 ppm: terpy, woody, piney, citrus lemon and lime with spice and mint nuances.
General Description
α-Terpinene, a volatile essential oil derived from Melaleuca alternifolia, shows antimicrobial properties against various human pathogens.
Flammability and Explosibility
Flammable
Biochem/physiol Actions
Odor at 10%
Pharmacology
Combinations of terpenes, such as terpinene, with nonionic surfactants and stabilizers have been patented for use as gallstone solvents. Artificial or human cholesterol calculi placed in terpinene with or without human bile at 37°C were dissolved within 1-2 hr (Hisamitsu Pharmaceutical Co., Inc., 1973).
Safety Profile
Moderately toxic by ingestion. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.
Properties of alpha-Terpinene
Melting point: | -59.03°C (estimate) |
Boiling point: | 173-175 °C(lit.) |
Density | 0.837 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.) |
vapor pressure | 2.22hPa at 25℃ |
FEMA | 3558 | P-MENTHA-1,3-DIENE |
refractive index | n |
Flash point: | 115 °F |
storage temp. | 2-8°C |
solubility | 95% ethanol: soluble1ml/2ml, clear, colorless |
form | Liquid |
color | Clear colorless to light yellow |
Specific Gravity | 0.84 |
Odor | at 10.00 % in dipropylene glycol. woody terpene lemon herbal medicinal citrus |
Water Solubility | Soluble in ether, alcohol, and ethanol (100 mg/ml). Insoluble in water. |
Merck | 14,9170 |
JECFA Number | 1339 |
BRN | 1853379 |
Dielectric constant | 2.7000000000000002 |
Stability: | Light Sensitive |
EPA Substance Registry System | 1,3-Cyclohexadiene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)- (99-86-5) |
Safety information for alpha-Terpinene
Signal word | Warning |
Pictogram(s) |
Flame Flammables GHS02 Exclamation Mark Irritant GHS07 Environment GHS09 |
GHS Hazard Statements |
H226:Flammable liquids H302:Acute toxicity,oral H317:Sensitisation, Skin H319:Serious eye damage/eye irritation H411:Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard |
Precautionary Statement Codes |
P210:Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. — No smoking. P273:Avoid release to the environment. P280:Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. P301+P312:IF SWALLOWED: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician IF you feel unwell. P303+P361+P353:IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off Immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse SKIN with water/shower. P305+P351+P338:IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continuerinsing. |
Computed Descriptors for alpha-Terpinene
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