1,4-DINITROBENZENE

CAS NO.：100-25-4
Empirical Formula: C6H4N2O4
Molecular Weight: 168.11
MDL number: MFCD00007314
EINECS: 202-833-7
SAFETY DATA SHEET (SDS)
Update Date: 2023-04-23 13:52:06

What is 1,4-DINITROBENZENE?

Chemical properties

light yellow powder

Physical properties

Clear, colorless to white crystalline solid or monoclinic crystals. Slowly turns yellow on exposure to air.

The Uses of 1,4-DINITROBENZENE

1,4-Dinitrobenzene is used in a study to evaluate the ionization mechanism and solvent effect by novel atmospheric pressure photoionization mass spectrometry in negative ion mode for analysis of some compounds. 1,4-Dinitrobenzene can be used in synthesis of dyes and dye intermediates.

The Uses of 1,4-DINITROBENZENE

manufacture of dyes, dye intermediates, explosives, plastics.

Definition

ChEBI: A dinitrobenzene carrying nitro groups at positions 1 and 4.

General Description

Colorless to yellow solid. Sinks and mixes slowly with water.

Air & Water Reactions

Slowly mixes with water.

Reactivity Profile

All three isomers have similar properties and may react vigorously with oxidizing materials. Their reaction with nitric acid (nitration) will lead to a mixture of trinitrobenzenes possessing high-explosive properties [Urbanski, 1967, vol. 3, p. 290]. If heat and reaction conditions of the nitration are not controlled, detonation comparable to TNT may occur [Anon., J. R. Inst. Chem., 1960, 84, p. 451]. Mixture of 1,3-dinitrobenzene with tetranitromethane was found highly explosive [Urbanski, 1964, vol. 1, 592]. 1,2-dinitrobenzene is a severe explosion hazard when shocked or exposed to heat or flame. When heated to decomposition all dinitrobenzens emit toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides [Sax, 9th ed., 1996, p. 1374].

Health Hazard

INHALATION OR INGESTION: Headache, vertigo, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, rapid weak pulse, decreased blood pressure, cyanosis, exhaustion, hepatomegaly, jaundice, albuminurea, hematuria, visual scotomata, amblyopia and nystagmus. EYES: Irritation. SKIN: Stains skin yellow; if skin contact is prolonged, can be absorbed into blood causing same symptoms as for inhalation.

Safety Profile

Suspected carcinogen. Poison by ingestion. Mutation data reported. Mxture with nitric acid is a high explosive. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx. See also 0and mDINITROBENZENE

Environmental Fate

Biological. In activated sludge inoculum, following a 20-d adaptation period, no biodegradation was observed (Pitter, 1976).
Photolytic. Low et al. (1991) reported that the nitro-containing compounds (e.g., 2,4- dinitrophenol) undergo degradation by UV light in the presence of titanium dioxide yielding ammonium, carbonate, and nitrate ions. By analogy, 1,4-dinitrobenzene should degrade forming identical ions.
Chemical/Physical. Releases toxic nitrogen oxides when heated to decomposition (Sax and Lewis, 1987). 1,4-Dinitrobenzene will not hydrolyze in water (Kollig, 1993).

Purification Methods

Crystallise 1,4-dinitrobenzene from EtOH or EtOAc. Dry it under vacuum over P2O5. It can be sublimed in a vacuum. [Beilstein 5 IV 741.]

Properties of 1,4-DINITROBENZENE

Melting point:	170-173 °C(lit.)
Boiling point:	183.4 °C34 mm Hg(lit.)
Density	1.625 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor pressure	2.25 x 10^-4 mmHg at 35 °C (Hine et al., 1963)
refractive index	1.725 (589.3 nm)
Flash point:	150 °C
storage temp.	Store below +30°C.
solubility	alcohol: soluble1g in 300ml
form	Crystals or Powder
color	Ochre to orange
Water Solubility	Soluble in water. (0.8 g/L) at 20°C.
Merck	14,3273
BRN	1105828
Henry's Law Constant	4.79(x 10^-7 atm?m³/mol) at 35 °C (approximate - calculated from water solubility and vapor pressure)
Exposure limits	NIOSH REL: TWA 1, IDLH 50; OSHA PEL: TWA 1 ACGIH TLV: TWA 0.15 ppm for all isomers (adopted).
Stability:	Stable, but may be shock-sensitive. May explode if heated. Incompatible with oxidizing agents, strong bases, nitric acid, many metals, tin oxides.
CAS DataBase Reference	100-25-4(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System	p-Dinitrobenzene (100-25-4)

Safety information for 1,4-DINITROBENZENE

Signal word	Danger
Pictogram(s)	Skull and Crossbones Acute Toxicity GHS06 Health Hazard GHS08 Environment GHS09
GHS Hazard Statements	H373:Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure H410:Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard
Precautionary Statement Codes	P262:Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing. P264:Wash hands thoroughly after handling. P264:Wash skin thouroughly after handling. P273:Avoid release to the environment. P280:Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.