| Physical Description |
Benzaldehyde appears as a clear colorless to yellow liquid with a bitter almond odor. Flash point near 145 °F. More denser than water and insoluble in water. Hence sinks in water. Vapors are heavier than air. The primary hazard is to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit spread to the environment. Easily penetrates the soil to contaminate groundwater and nearby waterways. Used in flavoring and perfume making. |
| Color/Form |
Strongly refractive liquid, becoming yellowish on keeping |
| Odor |
Characteristic odor or volatile oil of almond |
| Taste |
Burning aromatic taste |
| Boiling Point |
354 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992) |
| Melting Point |
-15 °F (NTP, 1992) |
| Flash Point |
148 °F (NTP, 1992) |
| Solubility |
less than 0.1 mg/mL at 67.1 °F (NTP, 1992) |
| Density |
1.046 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink |
| Vapor Density |
3.65 (NTP, 1992) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air) |
| Vapor Pressure |
1 mmHg at 79.2 °F ; 5 mmHg at 122.2 °F; 10 mmHg at 144 °F (NTP, 1992) |
| LogP |
log Kow = 1.48 |
| Henry's Law Constant |
Henry's Law constant = 2.67X10-5 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C |
| Stability/Shelf Life |
Stable under recommended storage conditions. |
| Autoignition Temperature |
378 °F (USCG, 1999) |
| Viscosity |
1.321 cp at 25 °C |
| Heat of Combustion |
-3525.0 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization |
42.5 kJ/mol at 179.0 °C |
| Surface Tension |
39.63 N/m at 10 °C; 38.00 N/m at 25 °C; 35.27 N/m at 50 °C; 32.55 N/m at 75 °C; 29.82 N/m at 100 °C |
| Refractive Index |
Index of refraction: 1.5456 at 20 °C/D |
| Dissociation Constants |
pKa = 14.90 |
| Kovats Retention Index |
927.2 928.5 926 974 965 941 961 924 924 923 940 951 931 919 924 924 929 936.7 923 923 926 931.3 927 929 925 950 933 934 925 925 925 920.9 927 945 932 932 931 965 995 938 946 947 944 1003 1004 950 926 956 979 923 925 939 915 915 950 964 929 933 942 923 944 935 932 945 926 939 925 926 936 940 939 976 939.3 924.9 926.6 930.5 948.9 953.4 925 926 950.7 964.4 925 926 978 954.3 974 941 978 965 961 936 938 947 949 947 951 941 946 942 946 959 932 963 982 924 961 982 934 927 927 919 930 938 930 921 966 928 929 933 933 933 935 951 927 962 941 1005 934 940 917 930 930 941 960 960 927 927 933 924.3 920 922 922 926 947 925 969 932 942.9 935 933 964 940 920.42 965 947 928 946 947 946 940 953 933 929.01 940 940 961 927 942 948.9 921 939 926 926 940 926 948 936 937 950 946 926 926 930 931 931 926 924 936.6 932 924 947 946 947 938 926 948 956 926 937.6 926 926 926 918 926 933 934 935 936 926 926 925 925 925 926 935 943 947 926 917 926 947 964 919 925 925 928 929 955 924 929 961 924 930 947 931 931 930 942.8 935.3 948.7 |
| Other Experimental Properties |
Oxidizes in air to benzoic acid |
| Chemical Classes |
Other Classes -> Benzaldehydes |
